Paul Nwala, PhD

Abstract
States are driven by a complex web of national interests, encompassing security, economic
prosperity, and the preservation of sovereignty. The pursuit of national interests provides the
guiding principle for states, influencing their actions and policies in the international arena. Foreign
policy acts asthe instrument through which nations articulate and implement their national interests
on the global stage. States formulate foreign policies to safeguard their security, enhance economic
well-being, and establish alliances that advance their strategic objectives. Diplomacy is the primary
means by which nations engage with each other, seeking to resolve conflicts, build alliances, and
negotiate agreements. Effective diplomacy requires skillful navigation of geopolitical complexities,
balancing national interests with the interests of other nations. Geopolitical factors, such as
geographical location, access to resources, and historical relationships, significantly influence
national interests and foreign policy choices. Power dynamics among nations, regional
considerations, and global trends further contribute to the dynamic nature of international affairs.
Analyzing conflicts, such as the Russia-Ukraine war, underscores how national interests, foreign
policy decisions, and diplomatic strategies interact within the broader context of geopolitical
theory. The case study of the Russia-Ukraine war, 2022 provides valuable insights into the
complexities and nuances of state behavior, illustrating how nations balance competing interests
and navigate geopolitical challenges. The intricate interplay of these elements highlights the everevolving nature of global politics and the imperative for states to strategically manage their role in
the international community.

Introduction
In the complex arena of international relations, the interplay of national interest, foreign policy,
and diplomacy serves as a critical framework shaping how nations navigate and assert themselves
on the global stage. Understanding these interconnected elements is essential to unraveling the
motives and actions that guide countries in their interactions with one another. This exploration
delvesinto the dynamic forces that…

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